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LS 6000 Scintillation System User’s Manual
PN 247971-F
1-2
Introduction
General Description
Confidence Pack
The requires the Productivity Pack and includes color detection and correction, Lum-Ex™
for luminescence correction and two-phase monitor.
Data Management Pack
This includes the Data Buffer and Transfer System and the Radioactive Waste Manager.
Environmental Pack
This includes low level count mode and Alpha/Beta Discrimination.
Many of these options can also be purchased separately and many require additional options
to operate. For detailed information on options, contact your local Beckman Coulter Sales
Office.
This User’s Guide includes instructions for the Basic System, Value System, Productivity
Pack, and many of the options. A few of the options have their own instructions, which are
designed to be added at the back of this User’s Guide.
Principles of Operation
Liquid scintillation involves the detection and counting of radioactive decay. The radioactive
sample is combined with a liquid scintillation cocktail or solid scintillator. Decay of a
radionuclide produces an ionizing particle. Part of the kinetic energy of this ionizing particle
is transferred to the “scintillator” which converts the energy of the particle emitted during the
radioactive decay process into light which is detected by the LS system. The number of
photons produced from one ionizing particle is proportional to its kinetic energy. All photons
produced by one ionizing particle are emitted isotropically over a nanosecond time scale.
The collecting optics of the LS system direct the photons emitted to either of two
photomultiplier tubes (PMT’s). If both PMT’s are activated by one photon burst, then one
nuclear decay event is registered and converted into a measurable electrical pulse. The
voltage pulse produced by the PMT’s is proportional to the number of photons. Therefore,
the pulse height at the output of the tubes is proportional to the energy of the particle.
The pulses from the PMT’s are analyzed, converted to digital form, and stored in the
appropriate channel of a multichannel analyzer, corresponding to the particle energy. The
data accumulated in the multichannel analyzer over the counting time of the sample is used
to determine the energy of the particles in the sample and the rate (counts per minute, or
cpm) of radio-active decay in the sample. The cpm is the total number of pulses in the
channels of the multichannel analyzer divided by the total time in minutes for obtaining the
counts.
Operating the Instrument
To use the liquid scintillation instrument, the samples are placed in vials together with a
scintillation cocktail or a solid scintillator. The vials are placed in the racks provided, and the
racks are placed into the sample changer of the instrument.
During operation, the racks are moved in a counter-clockwise direction in the sample
changer. When a rack reaches the right rear most position, each vial within the rack is
- LS 6000 Series 1
- Table of Contents 3
- Introduction 11
- Principles of Operation 12
- Operating the Instrument 12
- Operating Modes 13
- 1.3 Specifications 14
- Precautions and Limitations 15
- Figure 1.1 Standard Vial 15
- Miniature Vials 16
- 1.5 Hazards 17
- Maintenance 18
- Getting Started 19
- 2.2 Power Failure 21
- 2.3 Operating Controls 21
- Operator Control Key pad 22
- Using the Operating Controls 24
- 2.4 Using the Racks 25
- Using the Racks 26
- Setting Up the Racks 27
- 2.5 Preparing the Printer 29
- 2.6 System Setup 30
- Energy Scale 31
- Printer Paging 32
- Allow Interrupt Count 32
- System Setup 33
- Figure 2.9 RS232 Setup Menu 33
- Date/Time 35
- Auto DPM 35
- 2.7 Calibration 36
- Counting Samples 39
- Starting the Automatic Count 40
- Conducting Count Single Rack 41
- 3.4 Auto DPM 46
- 3.5 Multi-Task 47
- Interrupt Count in Multi-Task 48
- Multi-Task 50
- Interrupt Data 51
- Setting Up User Programs 59
- 4.2 Editing A User Program 61
- Editing A User Program 62
- Comments 65
- Counting Time 65
- Liquid or Xtal Scintillator 65
- Isotope 1 65
- Isotope 2 and Isotope 3 66
- Edit Other Parameters 67
- Counting Precision 69
- Background/Blank Subtraction 69
- Lum-Ex Correction 71
- Phase Monitor 72
- Low Level 72
- Low Count Reject 72
- Output Formats 72
- Count Data 75
- Raw Data 75
- Collecting Spectral Data 76
- 4.3 Copy User Program 77
- Copy User Program 78
- 5.2 CPM/Xtal CPM 80
- CPM/Xtal CPM 81
- Results for CPM/Xtal CPM 83
- 5.4 Auto DPM 85
- Setting Up Auto DPM 86
- Loading Samples for Auto DPM 86
- Results for Auto DPM 86
- Setting Up DPM 87
- 5.6 Xtal DPM 89
- Xtal DPM 90
- Setting Up Xtal DPM 91
- Loading Samples for Xtal DPM 92
- 5.7 DPM % of Reference 93
- Setting Up DPM % of Reference 94
- Xtal SL DPM % of Reference 95
- 5.9 Single Photon Monitoring 98
- Data Calculation 100
- Single Photon Monitoring 100
- Isotope/DPM Libraries 103
- Accessing the Isotope Library 104
- Printing the Isotope Library 104
- The Isotope Library 105
- Setup Menu 106
- PN 247971-F 108
- 5 minutes 109
- 6.2 Setting Up A Quench Curve 110
- Setting Up A Quench Curve 112
- Counting the Standards 114
- Editing Quench Curves 120
- Deleting A Quench Curve 124
- Manual Entry of Quench Curves 125
- 7.1 Chemiluminescence 127
- Interpretation of Results 128
- Reducing Single Photon Events 128
- 7.3 Two Phase Samples 129
- Procedures 131
- Analysis of Data 131
- H Counting Efficiency 132
- C Counting Efficiency 132
- Background 133
- Contamination 133
- Instrument Specifications 135
- Temperature Control Accessory 138
- Installation Requirements 139
- Electrical Requirements 140
- 0.5 to 1.0 m in 140
- Environment Requirements 142
- . Note that the output 144
- Datum IDs 146
- CHAPTER 1, PART 31 167
- Region I 170
- Region II 170
- Region III 170
- Region IV 170
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